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过去20年中,发生了一个严重的院内交叉感染问题,那就是病人体内的菌丛对常用抗生素产生耐药性。在欧美各国很多医院内,对甲氧苯青霉素和(或)庆大霉素耐药的葡萄球菌危害成灾。许多医院还发生过肠道菌属的急性暴发流行和病情迁延的问题,这些肠道菌属带有耐药的质体(Plasmid),能对多种的甚至是所有的抗生素耐药。这些质体在不同种的细菌之间可以互换,致使耐药的范围和具有潜在的传染性的菌种日益增加。医院内抗生素的广泛应用无疑地加速了这些耐药细菌的演化。在大量抗生素长期应用的过程中,耐药菌株得以形成,而且数量上稳步增加。
In the past 20 years, a serious problem of cross-infection in the hospital has arisen in that the bacterial flora in the patient becomes resistant to commonly used antibiotics. In many hospitals in Europe and the United States, methicillin and (or) gentamicin-resistant staphylococcus harms. Many hospitals also have acute outbreaks of gut bacteria and disease extinction. These gut bacteria are resistant to plasmids and are resistant to many or even all antibiotics. These plastids are interchangeable among different species of bacteria, resulting in an increasing range of resistant and potentially infectious species. The widespread use of antibiotics in hospitals has undoubtedly accelerated the evolution of these resistant bacteria. In the long-term application of a large number of antibiotics, resistant strains were formed, and the number increased steadily.