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以宏观的视角来研究企业的地理分布,并在地理空间与社会网络结构的基础上建立一个产业集群模型;该模型显示出产业集群的分形结构进而揭示出产业集群是一种自组织系统,即在生产交易过程中自发形成有序的结构或状态的现象.根据该模型,运输成本或者禀赋只是形成产业集群的所有充分条件中的一个;影响产业集群的最重要指标是关系网络空间的分形维度,它显示了经济系统的层次结构性.网络密度很大的集群的关系网络可能是接近紊乱的,即分形维度接近于零;而紊乱将会导致这个集群效益下降,甚至促使集群崩溃.
This paper studies the geographical distribution of enterprises from a macro perspective and establishes an industrial cluster model based on the geospatial and social network structure. The model shows that the fractal structure of industrial clusters further reveals that industrial clusters are self-organizing systems, that is, The phenomenon of spontaneous formation of an orderly structure or state in the course of production and trade, according to which the transportation cost or endowment is only one of the sufficient conditions for the formation of an industrial cluster. The most important index that affects the industrial cluster is the fractal dimension of the relational network space , Which shows the hierarchical structure of the economic system.Network density network cluster may be close to disorder, that is close to zero fractal dimension; and disorder will lead to decline in the efficiency of the cluster, or even promote the collapse of the cluster.