由一个数据处理系统连接起来的许多用户对参加交易,采用的协议书确保每个用户防备另一方或第三者的有害行为,并为解决争端提供了根据。要预防的威胁包括:(i)抵赖,(ii)伪造,(iii)修改,(iv)冒充。本文系统地阐述对交易进行核实的检验标准,并考查近期提出的解决办法。 Many users linked by a data processing system are involved in the transaction, adopting protocols that protect each user against the harmful effects of the other or a third party and provide a basis for dispute resolution. Threats to be prevented include: (i) denial, (ii) forgery, (iii) modification, (iv) faking. This article systematically elaborates the test criteria for verifying transactions and examines the solutions recently proposed.