恶性肿瘤的治疗,目前仍以放射治疗和手术切除为主。放射治疗对于早期病变及病理分化差的患者有较高的治愈率;而手术切除以控制中晚期肿瘤为佳。化学药物治疗对于实体瘤只是一种辅助手段。从历史上看,自19世纪40年代在美国开展开放乙醚麻醉以来,外科学在英美等国家发展较快。到19世纪90年代,确立了肿瘤外科 The treatment of malignant tumors is still based on radiotherapy and surgical resection. Radiotherapy has a higher cure rate for patients with early lesions and poor pathological differentiation; surgical resection is better for the control of middle and late stage tumors. Chemotherapy is only an aid to solid tumors. Historically, since the opening of ether anesthesia in the United States in the 1940s, surgical science has developed rapidly in countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. By the 1890s, oncological surgery was established.