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语言单位的结构系统可分功能类(聚合关系)和结构类(组合关系),两人类。在汉语中,功能类与结构类不是严格对应的。 一、并列结构和向心结构 从组合关系看,汉语的结构有平衡的和不平衡的两种情况,结构体的结构方式即可分为两大类:并列结构和向心(centripetal)结构。并列结构是平衡的结构,结构体的各个语言单位并列地组合在一起,如“活泼可爱”、“一个一个”、“安静”、“开关“。向心结构是不平衡的结构,呈主从关系,其中必有一部分是结构体的最稳定的部分,也是结构模式、结构意义的主要载负者和取决者,称为核心。核心具有构成该结构的内聚力。另一部分则是从属部分。如“我的书”、“热情的款待”、“卖报的”、“奶油”、“心得”,核心在后;“扫干净”、“从上海”、“动员”、“治安”,核心在前。并列结构中不存在核心和非核心的区别。
The structure of the language unit system can be divided into functional categories (polymerization) and structural (combination), two human. In Chinese, functional classes and structural classes are not strictly corresponding. First, the parallel structure and the centripetal structure from the combination of relations, the Chinese structure is balanced and unbalanced two cases, the structure of the structure can be divided into two categories: parallel structure and centripetal structure. The side-by-side structure is a balanced structure in which the various language units of the structure are combined side by side, such as “lively and lovely”, “one by one”, “quiet” and “switch”. The centripetal structure is an unbalanced structure with a master-slave relationship, of which some must be the most stable part of the structure, and also the main carrier and determiner of the structural model and structural meaning, called the core. The core has the cohesion that makes up the structure. The other part is the subordinate part. Such as “my book”, “warm hospitality”, “selling newspaper”, “cream”, “experience”, the core behind; “clean”, “from Shanghai”, “mobilization”, “security”, the core in front. There are no core and non-core differences in the side-by-side structure.