自1937年到1973年的三十七年间,广东潮汕地区柑橘害虫的防治,大致可以分为四个阶段:即人工及土农药防冶阶段(1937—1952年)、有机氯杀虫剂阶段(1953—1958年)、有机磷杀虫剂阶段(1959—1964年)和杀螨剂兼用阶段(1965年至现在)。土农药阶段的昆虫特点是种类多、区系复杂。有机氯阶段淘汰了咀嚼式口器的主要害虫和适应能力比较差的吸收式口器害虫。有机磷阶段又淘汰了另一部分比较顽强的吸收式口器害虫。能产生抗药性的或新侵入、新发展的害虫种群数量上升,成为主要种类。这类害虫以橘全爪螨最为突出,三十七年间出现了三次显著变化。 导致柑橘园昆虫群落变化的主要原因在于不合理施用化学农药。它使天敌数量减少;有的害虫产生抗药性,或者由于繁殖力强,种群数量庞大;或栖息场所隐蔽,未受淘汰,成为再猖獗的虫源。作者调查和比较了施药与不施药的柑橘园昆虫区系后,见到施药柑橘园的昆虫种类较少,反映了昆虫区系的简化,但优势种群的数量则明显增多。 近年来,有些地区新侵入柑橘园成为优势种群的尺蛾科害虫,是由于引种未经检疫的带虫覆盖作物种苗——毛蔓豆所造成的。光绿橘天牛是由于施药后削弱了其竞争种——星天牛,才使种间关系改变的。吸果夜蛾的增加为害则与“柑橘上山”,开垦山地和旱地种柑有关。 提出控 During the 37 years from 1937 to 1973, the control of citrus pests in the Chaoshan area of ​​Guangdong Province can be roughly divided into four stages: the stage of artificial and soil pesticide prevention and control (1937-1952), the stage of organochlorine pesticide ( 1953-1958), organophosphate insecticide phase (1959-1964) and acaricide combination phase (1965-present). Pesticides phase of soil pesticides are many types, complex fauna. The organic chlorine phase eliminated the main pests of chewing mouthparts and the absorption mouthpart pests with poor adaptability. Another part of the organic phosphorus phase out of the more stubborn absorption of mouthparts pests. The number of pest populations capable of producing resistance or new invasion and development has risen and become the major species. These pests are most prominent in the orange holmoptera, with three significant changes occurring in 37 years. The main reason for the change of citrus orchard insect communities lies in the unreasonable application of chemical pesticides. It reduces the number of natural enemies; some pests develop resistance, or because of their ability to breed, their populations are huge; or habitats are hidden and unoccupied, becoming a source of rampant insects. After investigating and comparing citrus orchard insects with and without pesticides, the authors found fewer citrus orchard insects, reflecting the simplification of insect fauna, but the number of dominant species increased significantly. In recent years, moth pest moths newly invaded into citrus orchards as the dominant species in some areas have been caused by the introduction of non-quarantine insect-larvae covering the crop germplasm. Light green citrus aura is due to the application of pesticides weakened its competition species - Asteraceae, only to change the relationship between species. The increased damage caused by S. litura was associated with “citrus uphill”, reclamation of mountain and upland mandarin. Proposed control