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电石是制造聚氯乙烯塑料的原料,电石车间在破碎过程中产生大量的电石粉末,车间工人在劳动操作中身上排出大量的汗液。电石遇水(汗液)反应生成氢氧化钙,同时释出大量的热能,造成皮肤烧伤。电石水解过程如下: CaC_2 + 2HO→C_2H_2↑ + Ca(OH)_2↓ + 热能。(一公斤工业电石水解发出热量为397千卡) 电石性皮肤烧伤多发生在刚入破碎车间的新工人或不常到车间的其他工作人员,而破碎老工人甚为罕见。烧伤多见于外露与衣服摩擦的部位如手腕、足踝及颈部等处皮肤,局部出现红斑、灼痛感,尤以皮肤表面灼焦坏死形成浅表性溃疡居多。
Calcium carbide is the raw material for the manufacture of PVC plastic. The calcium carbide workshop produces a lot of calcium carbide powder during the crushing process. The workshop workers discharge a lot of sweat in the body during labor operations. Calcium carbide water (sweat) reaction of calcium hydroxide, while releasing a lot of heat, causing skin burns. Calcium carbide hydrolysis process is as follows: CaC_2 + 2HO → C_2H_2 ↑ + Ca (OH) _2 ↓ + heat. (One kilogram of industrial calcium carbide generates 397 kilocalories of heat.) Calcium carbide skin burns mostly occur in new workers who have just entered the crushing plant or other workers who do not often come to the workshop, and broken old workers are rare. Burn more common in the exposed parts of clothing and rubbing the skin such as the wrist, ankle and neck, etc., local erythema, burning sensation, especially in the skin surface necrosis of the formation of superficial ulcers mostly.