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圈子作为一种历史传统,在近百年来的各种组织建构及秩序维持中,都无孔不入地发挥着实质性的作用。一方面,圈子的中心及边界并不总是与正式的组织重合,当一个组织存在着若干多的圈子时,组织的组织建构与秩序维持就会遭遇圈子的侵蚀与消解,从而陷入一种难以克服的组织困境;另一方面,当圈子的中心及边界与正式组织高度重合时,组织的公共属性就会被圈子的私人属性所侵蚀和取代,化公为私,舞弊渔利。当然,圈子也并非完全没有积极功用。比如当圈子与组织
As a historical tradition, circles have played an essential role in all kinds of organizational construction and order maintenance in the past hundred years. On the one hand, the centers and boundaries of circles do not always coincide with formal organizations. When there are many circles in an organization, organizational organization and order maintenance of the organization will be eroded and dispelled by circles and thus fall into a difficult On the other hand, when the centers and boundaries of the circles are highly overlapped with the formal organizations, the public attributes of the organizations will be eroded and replaced by the private attributes of the circles, and the public will be exploited for personal gain and fraud. Of course, the circle is not completely without positive function. For example, when the circle and the organization