论文部分内容阅读
采用大田试验,研究了夏闲期耕作对旱地小麦播种前和各生育期0~300 cm土壤水分、植株氮素吸收和运转特性的影响.结果表明:夏闲期耕作可提高播种前和各生育期0~300 cm土壤蓄水量,且枯水年效果较好.夏闲期耕作可显著提高各生育期植株氮素积累量、开花期叶片和茎秆+茎鞘氮素积累量、成熟期籽粒氮素积累量,显著提高茎秆+茎鞘氮素运转量及其对籽粒的贡献率、叶片氮素运转量、花前氮素运转量、花后氮素积累量,最终提高氮素吸收效率,以前茬小麦收获后45 d深翻效果较好.夏闲期耕作条件下,土壤水分与花前氮素运转量及籽粒氮素积累量显著相关,且枯水年关系更密切;播种至开花期土壤水分与花后氮素积累量在丰水年显著相关,而枯水年无显著相关关系.夏闲期耕作,尤其是雨后深翻有利于蓄水保墒及植株氮素吸收和转运.
The field experiments were conducted to study the effects of summer and fallow tillage on soil moisture and plant nitrogen uptake and translocation before and during sowing of 0 ~ 300 cm in dryland. The results showed that: The soil water storage of 0 ~ 300 cm soil layer was the best, and the effect was good in the dry years.The cultivation of summer and fallow period could significantly increase the nitrogen accumulation, the accumulation of nitrogen in leaves and stems and stems, The accumulation of nitrogen in grains significantly increased the amount of nitrogen uptake by stems and sheaths and their contribution to grain, the amount of nitrogen translocation in leaves, the amount of nitrogen translocation in anthesis, the accumulation of nitrogen after anthesis, and finally the increase of nitrogen uptake Efficiency, the effect of deep plowing was better on the 45th day after harvesting of wheat.Under summer fallow tillage, soil moisture had a significant correlation with the flowering of nitrogen and grain nitrogen accumulation before flowering, There was a significant correlation between soil moisture at flowering stage and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in wet years, but no significant correlation in dry years. Cultivation during summer fallow, especially after rain, was beneficial to water storage and soil moisture and plant nitrogen uptake and translocation .