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摘要: 获取产品运输系统的动态响应特性是进行缓冲包装设计的关键,逆子结构理论是一种在线预测部件频率响应函数的方法,大多数机电类产品的物流运输是通过螺栓等方式与货车、轮船等运载体直接刚性连接。由于耦合界面处物理空间的限制或者脆弱部件的干扰,难以在此同时进行激振和拾振,使得测量信息面临不完备的风险,传统的逆子结构理论是基于测量信息完备基础上的。提出利用虚拟质量法来获取耦合界面处难测频响函数的方法,建立基于虚拟质量法的界面响应不可测的刚性耦合逆子结构理论。然后利用集总参数模型对该理论进行了验证,结果显示预测值与计算值完全吻合,最后通过物理模型实验对该理论在实况条件下的有效性进一步验证。该方法为子结构解耦问题中的测量信息不完备问题提供了一种思路。关键词: 逆子结构; 频响函数; 刚性耦合; 虚拟质量法
中图分类号:TB485.3文献标志码: A文章编号: 10044523(2016)04060306
DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2016.04.006
引言
实际运输条件下,产品与运载体通过包装材料组成复杂的耦合系统,忽略产品系统与运载体系统的复杂性,从系统的角度研究产品部件的动态特性,可将其简化为简单的弹簧质量耦合系统。在相关耦合结构系统的分析理论方面已有较多的研究成果,如模态分析、有限元分析、动态子结构分析[12]等较为成熟的理论方法。由于这些方法普遍需要大量的试验数据或复杂运算,且误差较大,降低了其实际应用的准确性。基于此,Zhen[35]和Lim提出了基于系统水平频率响应函数(FRFs)反向预测子结构水平FRFs的逆子结构方法,该方法在中低频范围的预测精度较高,以试验实测FRFs为基础,适用于预载条件下难拆卸系统的动态响应分析。由于该方法中可能存在大量逆矩阵运算,对实测随机误差会产生不适定性问题,Lu[6]等对逆子结构理论中的误差敏感性进行了较为系统的分析,使得该理论更为完整。Wang J,Wang Z W[716]等进一步发展了三级单点耦合,三级多点耦合逆子结构理论,并进行了车载试验应用性研究,上述研究都是建立在柔性耦合且测量信息是完备基础上的。对于大多数机电类(如重型机床设备)产品,为防止其在运输过程中产生晃动,一般是通过螺栓等方式与运载体直接刚性连接。该刚性耦合界面处物理形态多数较为复杂,导致耦合界面的不确定性及物理空间的局限性。在FRFs的实际测量中,一方面由于耦合界面物理空间的限制,难以同时进行激振和拾振。另一方面耦合界面处含有脆弱结构,无法激励,导致测量信息的不完备。
针对上述测量信息不完备问题,提出利用虚拟质量法[1718]来预测产品运载体二级刚性耦合系统中耦合界面处难测原点FRFs,构造出二级刚性耦合逆子结构理论所需的完备频响数据。解决了由于物理空间限制或存在脆弱部件而导致的测量信息不完备问题,成功预测出了所关心的产品部件动态响应特性。最后分别通过集总参数模型和物理模型实验进行了正确性验证,该方法的提出为复杂结构耦合系统在解耦过程中的测量信息不完备难题提供了思路。
Abstract: Inverse substructuring theory has been an easy but efficient method applied for inverse analysis of the frequency response functions (FRFs) of product transport system, However, the coupling interface between product and vehicle is extremely complicated and diversified for most of mechanical product transport system. The systemlevel FRFs from coupling degree of freedoms may not be measured accurately because of the difficulties of vibration excitation and response measurement for the coupled interface between components within the limited accessible space. Incomplete measured data is becoming the biggest problem for the traditional inversestructuring theory. In this paper, A so called dummy masses method is applied for predicting the unmeasured FRFs from coupling degree of freedoms. The new FRFbased indirect inverse substructuring method for twosubstructure rigid coupling system with incomplete measured data based on dummy masses is built. The theory is verified with a lumped parameter model, the results showed exact agreement between predicted values and calculated ones. Then a physical prototype of rigid coupled system is performed to further check the accuracy of the suggested method, showing exact agreement. The proposed method shows its great application prospect in coupled mechanical system with incomplete measured data.
Key words: inverse substructuring; FRFs; rigid coupling; dummy masses
中图分类号:TB485.3文献标志码: A文章编号: 10044523(2016)04060306
DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2016.04.006
引言
实际运输条件下,产品与运载体通过包装材料组成复杂的耦合系统,忽略产品系统与运载体系统的复杂性,从系统的角度研究产品部件的动态特性,可将其简化为简单的弹簧质量耦合系统。在相关耦合结构系统的分析理论方面已有较多的研究成果,如模态分析、有限元分析、动态子结构分析[12]等较为成熟的理论方法。由于这些方法普遍需要大量的试验数据或复杂运算,且误差较大,降低了其实际应用的准确性。基于此,Zhen[35]和Lim提出了基于系统水平频率响应函数(FRFs)反向预测子结构水平FRFs的逆子结构方法,该方法在中低频范围的预测精度较高,以试验实测FRFs为基础,适用于预载条件下难拆卸系统的动态响应分析。由于该方法中可能存在大量逆矩阵运算,对实测随机误差会产生不适定性问题,Lu[6]等对逆子结构理论中的误差敏感性进行了较为系统的分析,使得该理论更为完整。Wang J,Wang Z W[716]等进一步发展了三级单点耦合,三级多点耦合逆子结构理论,并进行了车载试验应用性研究,上述研究都是建立在柔性耦合且测量信息是完备基础上的。对于大多数机电类(如重型机床设备)产品,为防止其在运输过程中产生晃动,一般是通过螺栓等方式与运载体直接刚性连接。该刚性耦合界面处物理形态多数较为复杂,导致耦合界面的不确定性及物理空间的局限性。在FRFs的实际测量中,一方面由于耦合界面物理空间的限制,难以同时进行激振和拾振。另一方面耦合界面处含有脆弱结构,无法激励,导致测量信息的不完备。
针对上述测量信息不完备问题,提出利用虚拟质量法[1718]来预测产品运载体二级刚性耦合系统中耦合界面处难测原点FRFs,构造出二级刚性耦合逆子结构理论所需的完备频响数据。解决了由于物理空间限制或存在脆弱部件而导致的测量信息不完备问题,成功预测出了所关心的产品部件动态响应特性。最后分别通过集总参数模型和物理模型实验进行了正确性验证,该方法的提出为复杂结构耦合系统在解耦过程中的测量信息不完备难题提供了思路。
Abstract: Inverse substructuring theory has been an easy but efficient method applied for inverse analysis of the frequency response functions (FRFs) of product transport system, However, the coupling interface between product and vehicle is extremely complicated and diversified for most of mechanical product transport system. The systemlevel FRFs from coupling degree of freedoms may not be measured accurately because of the difficulties of vibration excitation and response measurement for the coupled interface between components within the limited accessible space. Incomplete measured data is becoming the biggest problem for the traditional inversestructuring theory. In this paper, A so called dummy masses method is applied for predicting the unmeasured FRFs from coupling degree of freedoms. The new FRFbased indirect inverse substructuring method for twosubstructure rigid coupling system with incomplete measured data based on dummy masses is built. The theory is verified with a lumped parameter model, the results showed exact agreement between predicted values and calculated ones. Then a physical prototype of rigid coupled system is performed to further check the accuracy of the suggested method, showing exact agreement. The proposed method shows its great application prospect in coupled mechanical system with incomplete measured data.
Key words: inverse substructuring; FRFs; rigid coupling; dummy masses