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传统理论往往侧重关注慈善捐赠行为本身的利他性,而忽略了慈善捐赠中客观存在的非利他性,这种忽略不利于促进与规范慈善事业的发展。慈善捐赠中非利他性不但有其客观必然性,而且具有相应的合理性。慈善捐赠中的非利他性不仅不会影响慈善财产发挥其慈善功能,而且能够更好地激励慈善捐赠,有利于实现行为人个人和社会效益最大化,并符合社会公平正义的伦理精神。但是慈善捐赠中非利他性只能在一定的边界内存在,除了满足合法性的要求外,还应该受到附属性和非排他性等条件的限制。今年我国颁布的《中华人民共和国慈善法》已经对慈善捐赠中的非利他性追求予以一定的认可与限制,但还应进一步完善,并构建相关的配套制度给予支持。
Traditional theories tend to focus on the altruistic nature of charitable donations, while ignoring the non-altruistic nature of charitable donations. Such neglect is not conducive to promoting and regulating the development of philanthropy. The altruistic nature of charity donation not only has its objective necessity, but also has the corresponding rationality. Non-altruism in charitable donations not only does not affect the philanthropic function of charitable assets, but also can better motivate charitable donations, which is conducive to maximizing the individual and social benefits of perpetrators and meets the ethical spirit of social fairness and justice. However, non-altruistic charity donations can only exist within a certain boundary, in addition to meeting the requirements of legitimacy, but also should be subject to conditions such as attachment and non-exclusivity. The “Charity Law of the People’s Republic of China” promulgated this year in our country has given some recognition and restriction to non-altruistic pursuits in charitable donations. However, it should be further perfected and relevant supporting systems should be constructed to support it.