黄土地区地裂缝、黄土暗穴及滑坡等不良地质缺陷,对公路的建设和安全运营构成了影响和威胁。利用电阻率法探测地质缺陷,有着良好的物性基础和探测依据。高密度电阻率法可以实现装置的灵活选择和数据的大覆盖采集,成为浅地表地质勘查的主要方法。本文在数值模拟、物理模拟及工程实践的工作基础上,分析了偶极—偶极、多重中间梯度和五极纵轴测深装置的探测效果。结果表明,不同装置类型有不同的分辨能力,激电信息有助于对地质缺陷的分辨,应用双频激电法可以同时获得高精度的地电阻率和激电信息,是探测地质缺陷的有效方法。 Loess areas such as ground fissures, loess cave and landslides and other adverse geological defects, the construction of roads and the safe operation of an impact and threat. The use of resistivity detection of geological defects, has a good physical basis and detection basis. The high density resistivity method can realize the flexible selection of equipment and the large coverage acquisition of data, becoming the main method of shallow surface geological exploration. Based on the work of numerical simulation, physical simulation and engineering practice, this paper analyzes the detection results of dipole-dipole, multiple intermediate gradient and five-pole longitudinal axis sounding device. The results show that different device types have different resolving power, and the information of electromagnetism can help distinguish the geological defects. Using dual-frequency excitations method can obtain high-precision earth resistivity and galvanic information at the same time, which is effective to detect geological defects method.