本文对Ｘ线三维成像和三维显示进行了研究。首先讨论了基于锥形束扫描成像结构的直接体积重建的理论和应用问题，接着形成并实现了基于体积显示的三维显示方法，体积显示在某些特定情形下优于表面显示。结果表明Ｘ线三维成像和三维显示对于应用于临床如计算机辅助手术和医疗评价等的三维影像系统具有重要的价值。 In this paper, X-ray 3D imaging and 3D display were studied. Firstly, the theory and application of direct volume reconstruction based on cone-beam scanning imaging structure are discussed. Then a three-dimensional display method based on volume display is formed and realized. Volume display is better than surface display in some special situations. The results show that X-ray three-dimensional imaging and three-dimensional display for the clinical application of computer-aided surgery and medical evaluation of three-dimensional imaging system has important value.