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目的尝试建立一种存在二次脑挫伤的大鼠模型。方法成年SD大鼠，性别不限，随机分为三组：假手术组、一次脑挫伤组及二次脑挫伤组。利用自由落体打击装置，对一次脑挫伤组大鼠进行一次打击，二次脑挫伤组在初次打击基础上1h后不同部位进行二次打击；一次脑挫伤组分别于打击后0h、1h、2h后取材，二次脑挫伤组于第二次打击后1h取材。采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测技术对脑挫伤周围C-FOS蛋白阳性细胞数进行观察。结果大鼠脑挫伤后脑皮质挫伤区周围C-FOS阳性细胞显著增高(<0.05)；二次脑挫伤组二次脑挫伤周围C-FOS表达与一次脑挫伤后1h、2h组未打击部位存在差异（<0.05）；二次脑挫伤组两处挫伤区周围C-FOS阳性表达存在差异(<0.05)。结论此模型可用于初次脑挫伤后再次脑挫伤的法医学基础研究，对进一步研究是否存在二次外伤有一定价值。“,”Objective To establish a brand new rat model for researches after twice traumatic brain injuries in forensic investigation. Methods Mature SD rats were classified into 3 groups randomly, A:sham-operated group, B:brain injury once, and C:brain injury twice, without restriction of gender. The injuries were introduced using a free fal device to the left side of the brain of rats in group B and C. 1 hour later, the same injure was introduced to the other side of the brain of rats in group C. Samples were taken at 0h, 1h, 2h after injury for group B. For group C, both sides were sampled 1h after the second injury. The expression of C-FOS protein was tested as indicator for injury with laser scanning confocal microscope together with the computer colorful image analysis technique. Results The C-FOS expressed dif erently in the pan-injury areas between group B and C at dif erent time point ( <0.05). Dif erences were also found between the pan-area of the first and second injury in Group C ( <0.05). Conclusion This model could be used in the studies for the secondary injury. It could also help investigate the exits of the secondary injury.