本文报告了６例少见原发食管恶性肿瘤的诊治体会，并结合有关资料进行了分析、讨论。作者认为：食管癌肉瘤有其特殊的Ｘ线和纤维胃镜表现，活检诊断率低，治疗以手术为首选方法；食管粘液表皮样癌分化低、转移早，单纯手术疗效较差；原发性食管腺样囊性癌其恶性度、外侵率及淋巴转移率明显低于食管粘液表皮样癌、手术切除预后较好。 This article reports on the experience of diagnosis and treatment of rare cases of primary esophageal malignancy, and analyzes and discusses with relevant data. The authors believe that: esophageal carcinosarcoma has its special X-ray and fiber endoscopy, biopsy diagnosis rate is low, treatment is the preferred method of surgery; esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma, low differentiation, early metastasis, poor efficacy of simple surgery; primary esophageal Adenoid cystic carcinoma is significantly lower than the malignant, epithelial, and lymphatic metastasis rates of esophageal carcinoma of the esophagus and has a good prognosis.