针对我国西北部一年一熟冷凉风沙区保护性耕作技术缺乏油料、小杂粮等小籽粒作物配套播种机具的问题,设计了2BFM-6型小籽粒免耕施肥播种机。分析确定了开沟器、覆土镇压等关键部件的参数。采用尖角形开沟器和覆土镇压装置的布置,在对土壤最小动扰动量的条件下,使免耕地上的作物秸秆、残茬顺利通过。采用种肥侧施避免了肥料烧种的现象。经田间试验:播种深度合格率提高了10%;种、肥间距合格率提高了12%。较好地满足了本区域油料、小杂粮等小籽粒播种对保护性耕作技术发展的需求。 In view of the lack of oil tillage, small miscellaneous grains and other small grain crops supporting sowing machines in the cold windy sand area of ​​northwestern China, the 2BFM-6 small-grain no-tillage and fertilizer seeder was designed. The parameters of key components such as opener, soil covering and so on were analyzed and confirmed. Using the arrangement of the sharp-angle opener and the casing-pressing device, the crop stalks and the stubble on the non-tillage land are successfully passed under the condition of the minimum dynamic disturbance of the soil. The use of fertilizer side to avoid the phenomenon of fertilizer burning seed. The field test: the sowing depth of pass rate increased by 10%; species, fertilizer spacing pass rate increased by 12%. Which better meets the needs of the development of conservation tillage technology in sowing small seeds such as oil and small grains in the region.