对１２０块岩样ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ分析结果表明，下二门油田纵向粘土矿物演化规律明显，浅、上层系以蒙皂石—高岭石组合为主，中、下层系为绿泥石—高岭石—伊／蒙间层组合，深层系为绿泥石—伊利石组合。发育七种粘土微结构类型，地层微粒的稳定性由占主导地位的微结构类型决定。微结构稳定性序列为层流状＞绒球状＞畴状＞叠片支架状＞絮团状＞蜂窝状＞支架状。预测碱敏、水敏、盐敏和出砂是最严重的地层损害方式。 The results of XRD and SEM analysis of 120 samples indicate that the evolution of longitudinal clay minerals in Xiaermen Oilfield is obvious. The shallow and upper strata are dominated by smectite and kaolinite and the middle and lower strata are chlorite - Stone - Iraq / Mongolia layer combination, the deep line for the chlorite - illite combination. Developed seven types of clay microstructure, the stability of formation particles by the dominant type of microstructure decision. The microstructure stability sequence is laminar flow> pompons> domain-like> lamellar scaffolding> flocculent> honeycomb> scaffolding. Prediction of alkali sensitivity, water sensitivity, salt sensitivity and sand production is the most serious way of formation damage.