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近年来对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因变异已普遍引起关注。本文从HBV基因结构基本知识入手,阐述其基因常见的变异及临床意义。 HBV为环状双股DNA病毒(其中一股不完整),它的复制依靠RNA中间体(intermediate),此过程经多聚酶催化生成翻译产物,该酶具有逆转录酶活性。在转录过程中,如酶缺乏校对活性(proofreading activity),即可发生核苷酸排列错误,导致HBV DNA基因序列内发生突变。近年由于多聚酶链反应(PCR)技术的发展,可以检测出变异的序列,并对HBV感染的各种结果作出解释。
In recent years, hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene mutation has been generally cause for concern. This article starts with the basic knowledge of HBV gene structure and expounds the common variation and clinical significance of its gene. HBV is a circular double-stranded DNA virus, one of which is incomplete. Its replication depends on the RNA intermediate, which catalyzes the production of translation products by a polymerase enzyme that has reverse transcriptase activity. During transcription, such as lack of proofreading activity, nucleotide mis-alignments can occur leading to mutations within the HBV DNA sequence. In recent years, due to the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, mutations in the sequence can be detected and the results of HBV infection can be explained.