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雇佣劳动是怎样出现的?随着财产不均现象的产生,亦即早在野蛮时代高级阶段,与奴隶劳动并存就零散地出现了雇佣劳动,……恩格斯:《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》,《马克思恩格斯选集》第4卷第62页。即使假定一切私有财产起初都基于占有者自已的劳动,而且在往后的全部进程中,都只是相等的价值和相等的价值进行交换,那末,在生产和交换的进一步发展中也必然要产生现代资本主义的生产方式,出现生产资料和生活资料被一个人数很少的阶级所垄断,而另一个构成人口大多数的阶级被降低到无产者的地位……。
How did wage labor emerge? With the emergence of property inequalities, that is, wage labor sporadically appeared along with slave labor as early as during the advanced stages of barbarism. Engels: “The Origin of Home, Private Ownership and State” , Selected Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 4, p. 62. Even assuming that all private property was initially exchanged on the basis of the owner’s own labor and in the subsequent whole process only the equal value and the equal value, the further development of production and exchange inevitably leads to the emergence of modern The mode of production of capitalism, the emergence of means of production and the means of subsistence, are monopolized by a small class, and the other class, which constitutes the majority of the population, is reduced to the status of a proletarian.