始于1989年的德国重新统一过程提出国家传统这一问题。它一直就没有标准的答案。在今天的德国,人们对德国的历史,尤其是19世纪和20世纪的历史普遍存在着消极的评价。同这种消极的评价相对立的一个例外是德国城市和德国地方自治政府的传统。城市的起源可以追溯到中世纪。在德国,中世纪的城市是市民社会的起源,甚至导致“民主德国”解体和市民社会的复兴运动都源于城市,它产生于操纵公众选举的对抗中。本文在国家历史的框架内对10世纪德国城市历史作了评论性的叙述。 The German reunification process that began in 1989 raised the issue of national tradition. It has always had no standard answer. In today’s Germany, there is a widespread negative assessment of German history, especially the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. An exception to this negative assessment is the tradition of German cities and German local governments. The origins of the city date back to the Middle Ages. In Germany, the medieval cities were the origins of civil society and even led to the dissolution of “Democracy Germany” and the rejuvenation of civil society. Both originated in the city and emerged from the confrontation in the manipulation of public elections. This article gives a commentary on the history of 10th-century German cities within the framework of national history.