2005年是爱因斯坦发现光电效应100周年。而光电效应最成功的应用是太阳能电池,或叫作光伏电池。现在,太阳能已从最初热水器、太阳能灶的应用向更广阔的领域迈进,如以太阳能作为能源的汽车、飞机乃至航天器的开发,以及将太阳作为能量来源的建筑、电子产品和发电站等。事实上,世界各国都在大力发 In 2005, Einstein discovered the 100th anniversary of the photoelectric effect. The most successful application of the photoelectric effect is solar cells, or photovoltaic cells. Now, solar energy has gone from the initial application of water heaters and solar cookers to a broader field, such as the development of automobiles, aircrafts and even spacecraft that use solar energy as an energy source, as well as buildings, electronic products and power stations that use the sun as an energy source. In fact, all countries in the world are making