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目的:研究夏枯草干物质积累及其氮、磷、钾吸收分配特性,以期为夏枯草科学施肥技术的建立提供理论依据。方法:夏枯草不同生长时期进行动态采样,测定全株与各器官生物量及其氮、磷、钾含量。结果:夏枯草植株干物质积累量与氮、磷、钾吸收积累量呈线性增加趋势,相关系数均达显著水平。4月中旬至5月上旬植株干物质阶段积累率最高,达63.71%。3月下旬至4月中旬植株干物质主要分配在叶中;5月上旬至5月下旬茎中干物质分配率最高;至6月中旬,果穗干物质分配率最大。4月中旬前,植株对氮磷钾吸收积累量较少,各营养元素主要集中于叶片;4月下旬至5月上旬,氮磷钾吸收积累量均占整个生长期最大,分别为72.35%,59.82%,87.41%,此期营养元素主要集中于茎中;转入生殖生长期(即5月上旬后),果穗中营养元素积累量及分配率逐渐增大,并于6月中旬均达最高值。整个生长期以拔节期至现蕾期(即4月中旬至5月上旬),为夏枯草植株干物质积累量最大期,同时也是氮、磷、钾最大效率期。结论:拔节期至现蕾期(即4月中旬至5月上旬)为夏枯草植株生长发育最关键时期,期间需注意田间水肥调控,以促进植株顶端现蕾与干物质积累。每生产100 kg夏枯草果穗,需吸收1.62 kg N,0.36 kg P2O5,2.88 kg K2O,各养分间吸收比例N-P2O5-K2O为1∶0.22∶1.77。
Objective: To study the dry matter accumulation of Prunella vulgaris and its absorption and distribution characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in order to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of scientific fertilization technology of Prunella vulgaris. Methods: Prunella vulgaris was sampled dynamically at different growth stages to determine the biomass of all plants and their organs, and their contents of N, P and K. Results: The dry matter accumulation of Prunella vulgaris plants showed a linear increase with the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the correlation coefficient reached a significant level. From mid-April to early May, the accumulative rate of plant dry matter reached the highest, reaching 63.71%. From late March to mid-April, the plant dry matter was mainly distributed in the leaves. The dry matter distribution rate was highest in the stem from early May to late May. The dry matter allocation rate was the highest in mid-June. Before mid-April, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in plants was less and the nutrients were mainly concentrated in the leaves. From late April to early May, the accumulative amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorbed accounted for the largest growth period, reaching 72.35% 59.82% and 87.41% respectively. During the reproductive period (early May), the accumulation and distribution of nutrient elements in ear increased gradually and reached the highest level in mid-June value. During the whole growth period, the maximum dry matter accumulation of Prunella vulgaris plants was from jointing stage to budding stage (from mid April to early May), and it was also the maximum efficiency period of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Conclusion: The most critical period of Prunus nudus plant growth and development is the period from jointing stage to budding stage (from mid April to early May). During the period, it is necessary to pay attention to the regulation of water and fertilizer in the field to promote the top budding and dry matter accumulation. For each 100 kg of prunella spike, 1.62 kg N, 0.36 kg P2O5 and 2.88 kg K2O were needed to absorb N-P2O5-K2O in each nutrient, which was 1: 0.22: 1.77.