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棉花是最耐盐的农作物之一，其耐盐性因品种、生育阶段、器官以及土壤盐分种类等不同而差异较大。盐胁迫对棉花的伤害主要是盐离子对幼嫩器官或发育转换时期的细胞膜结构和功能的伤害，抑制棉苗生长，影响生育进程，减少总果节数，降低产量品质。棉花的耐盐机理在于地上部对盐分的区域化分布，减少光合细胞质中盐离子浓度，增强盐胁迫条件下棉花对Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋、ＮＯ－３、Ｈ２ＰＯ－４等离子的吸收、运输和转化。
Cotton is one of the most salt-tolerant crops, its salt tolerance due to species, growth stages, organs and soil salt species vary widely. The damage to the cotton by salt stress is mainly the damage to the cell membrane structure and function of the young organ or the developmental transitional period by salt ions, inhibiting the growth of the cotton seedling, affecting the growth process, reducing the total number of fruit and reducing the yield and quality. The mechanism of salt tolerance in cotton lies in the regional distribution of salinity in shoots, decreasing the concentration of salt ions in photosynthetic cytoplasm and enhancing the absorption, transport and transformation of K +, Ca2 +, NO3 and H2PO4 in cotton under salt stress.