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目的从营养器官的形态结构及主要药用成分的贮存部位和含量等方面,对柴胡的两种原植物柴胡和狭叶柴胡进行比较研究,探讨其共性与区别。方法采用石蜡切片法观察植物各器官的内部结构、组织化学定位法观察各器官中药有效成分的积累结构和可见光分光光度法测定药效成分的量。结果柴胡和狭叶柴胡营养器官的形态结构比较显示其在形态结构上都存在一定差别。其中,柴胡为异面叶结构,而狭叶柴胡为等面叶结构,有显著差别。组织化学定位表明柴胡和狭叶柴胡中的主要药用成分柴胡皂苷和黄酮类化合物在各营养器官中的积累结构也存在一定差异。植物化学研究表明,狭叶柴胡各营养器官中柴胡总皂苷的量都高于柴胡;而柴胡叶中黄酮类化合物的量则高于狭叶柴胡。结论柴胡和狭叶柴胡形态结构上都存在一定差别。组织化学定位和植物化学检测总皂苷的结果表明《中国药典》规定两种柴胡的药用部位为其干燥根是正确的。同时,它们地上部分含有丰富的黄酮类化合物,提示在采挖其根的同时,可以综合利用其地上部分。
OBJECTIVE To compare the morphological structure of vegetative organs and the storage site and content of the main medicinal components, and to compare the differences between the two original plants of Bupleurum chinense and the Bupleurum japonicum. Methods The internal structure of various organs of the plant was observed by paraffin section method. The accumulation structure of active ingredients in each organ was observed by histochemical localization method and the content of the active ingredient was determined by visible light spectrophotometry. Results Comparing the morphological structure of the vegetative organs of Bupleurum Chinense and Chaetomium bidentata reveals that there are some differences in morphological structure. Among them, the Bupleurum is a heterogeneous leaf structure, while the Bupleurum isisleaf leaf structure, there are significant differences. Histochemical localization showed that there are some differences in the accumulation structure of saikosaponins and flavonoids in the vegetative organs of Bupleurum and Bupleurum. Phytochemical studies have shown that Bupleurum Bupleurum various nutrition organs Bupleurum total saponins are higher than the Bupleurum; and Bupleurum flavonoids is higher than the amount of Bivalvia. Conclusion Bupleurum and Bivalvia have some differences in morphology and structure. Histochemical mapping and phytochemical detection of total saponins showed that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulated that the medicinal parts of the two Bupleurums were the dry roots of the two Bupleurums. At the same time, their aboveground parts are rich in flavonoids, suggesting that their roots can be harvested at the same time, and the aboveground parts can be comprehensively utilized.