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西方现代批评的总特征是摈弃传统的外部实证批评,热衷于内部批评,从文本入手,从语言入手,透过表面现象探究“故事下的故事”,或者说通过显意了解到隐意.因而,现代批评特别重视对文本的阅读,阅读成为批评的第一重要步骤,阅读是否得法决定批评是否成功.现代批评的各个流派都有一套独特的阅读方法论,各派的侧重点不同:形式主义批评的阅读视点注重于文本的形式;文体批评把注意力集中于文本句的、词、音的形和义的修辞特征;而精神分析批评在阅读过程中侧重于意象产生的幻觉和字
The general feature of western modern criticism is to abandon the traditional external empirical criticism, keen on internal criticism, start from the text, start from the language, explore the story under the story through superficial phenomena, or through the obvious understanding of the hidden meaning. Modern criticism pays special attention to the reading of the text, and reading becomes the first important step in criticism, reading whether the law decides success or not, and each genre of modern criticism has a unique methodology of reading, with different focuses on each other: Formal Criticism Of reading point of view focuses on the form of text; style criticism focuses on the rhetorical features of the form and meaning of words, sounds; and psychoanalytic criticism in the reading process focuses on the illusion and word