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高枝化聚合物(dendrigraft)是树枝状聚合物(dendrimer)家族中的新成员,其合成、性质及应用的研究方兴未艾。本文重点介绍了高枝化聚合物的合成方法:偶联法、引发法、大单体法;前两者是发散式聚合法,而后者是收敛式聚合方法。高枝化聚合物与本家族其它聚合物相比:形态上,它的重复单元是侧链聚合物(而非单体);结构上,同家族其它成员类似,为核壳结构;分子大小上,较其它成员大1~2个数量级。同时,本文还简介了高枝化聚合物的结构及性质应用。
Dendrigraft is a new member of the dendrimer family, and its synthesis, properties and applications are in the ascendant. This article focuses on the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers: coupling, priming, and macromonomer methods; the former two are divergent and the latter convergent. Compared with other polymers in this family, hyperbranched polymers are morphologically different in that their repeating units are side-chain polymers (rather than monomers); structurally, similar to other members of the family, they are core-shell structures; on the molecular scale, 1 ~ 2 orders of magnitude larger than other members. At the same time, this article also briefly introduces the structure and properties of highly branched polymers.