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一系列的考古发掘证明,我国施釉陶器出现的上限是殷商时期,这已经是世所公认的了。而且这些最早出现的釉子都是高温釉,而不是低温釉;是青色釉或是青黄色釉,而不是无色透明釉。呈色剂为 Fe~(++)离子,它们是我国著名青瓷釉的鼻祖。粗看起来这好象有些不符合发展规律。其实这正是社会生产力所制约的,包含着事物发展的内在逻辑,完全是势所必然的。经化学分析表明,殷商时期的釉子是属于高温系统的钙釉(石灰质釉)主要助熔剂是 R_2O·RO 系统的 CaO,其百分含量大约波动在 16—20%,烧成温度大约在1200℃上下,这正处在高温系统釉子所需温度的下限。总而言之,CaO 矿物低温阶段耐火,高温时才助熔的特性决定了钙釉高温成熟的特性.殷商时期发明的上述高温钙釉大多质坚而层薄,与坯胎结合良好,釉子呈青色(或青黄色),釉子的使用大大提高了陶瓷的物理、化学性能,扩大了使用功能范围,并开创了釉彩装饰的新时代。
A series of archaeological excavations prove that the upper limit of the glazed pottery in China is the Shang period, which has been universally acknowledged. And these earliest glazes are high-temperature glaze, rather than low-temperature glaze; green glaze or cyan glaze, rather than a colorless transparent glaze. Coloring agent is Fe ~ (++) ions, they are the originator of our famous celadon glaze. It looks like some rough does not meet the law of development. In fact, this is precisely what the social productive forces have to contain and contains the inherent logic of the development of things, which is entirely inevitable. The chemical analysis shows that the glaze in the Shang period is the CaO (limestone glaze) belonging to the high-temperature system. The main flux is CaO in the R_2O · RO system. The percentage content fluctuates about 16-20%, and the firing temperature is about 1200 ℃ up and down, which is in the high temperature system glaze the minimum temperature required. In summary, CaO mineral refractory at high temperature, the characteristics of the flux at high temperature determines the characteristics of high temperature ripening calcium glaze Shang Yin period invented the above high-temperature calcium glaze macroscopically strong and thin, good combination with the billet, glaze was cyan (Or yellow), the use of glaze greatly enhance the physical and chemical properties of ceramics, expanding the scope of the use of functional, and created a new era of glaze decoration.