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目的通过纵向观察和分析围栏封洲控制血吸虫病疫情,为控制湖沼型血吸虫瘸疫情提供科学依据。方法对2008—2014年湖北省公安县采用围栏封洲措施防治血吸虫病的18个村开展纵向观察,分析人群和耕牛感染情况和钉螺情况。结果2008—2014年,实施围栏封洲地区的血吸虫病疫情呈现下降趋势。人群感染率从2008年4.43%下降到2014年0.81%,期间没有出现急性血吸虫感染病例报告。耕牛感染率从2008年3.45%下降到2013年0.61%,2014年没有存栏耕牛。钉螺情况,围栏内侧环境的钉螺感染率从2008年的0.015 4%下降到2011年的0.008 6%,2012、2013和2014年没有查到感染性钉螺;感染螺面积和活螺平均密度每年维持在约220 ha(1 ha=10 000 m~2)和1只,框。围栏外侧环境,2009和2011年查到感染性钉螺,钉螺感染率分别为0.027 5%和0.0100%,其余年份未查到感染性钉螺:感染螺面积和活螺平均密度每年均维持在约1 300 h和0.68只/框。结论在湖沼型血吸虫病流行区,采取围栏封洲措施可以有效控制血吸虫病传染源扩散,人和耕牛的感染率显著降低,应保持防治措施的持续性。
Objective To monitor the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis through the longitudinal observation and analysis of fences, to provide a scientific basis for controlling the lame epidemic of lakes and swamps. Methods Longitudinal observation was carried out in 18 villages with fencing and sealing measures to prevent and treat schistosomiasis in Gong’an County, Hubei Province during 2008-2014. The population and cattle infections and snails were analyzed. Results From 2008 to 2014, the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the fenced-off area of Zhoukou was declining. The infection rate of the population dropped from 4.43% in 2008 to 0.81% in 2014, and no case of acute schistosomiasis was reported during this period. Cattle infection rate dropped from 3.45% in 2008 to 0.061% in 2013, and no cattle were kept in 2014. Oncomelania snails, the penile infection rate inside the fence decreased from 0.015 4% in 2008 to 0.008 6% in 2011, and no infective snails were detected in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The mean infected snail area and average live snails were maintained at About 220 ha (1 ha = 10 000 m ~ 2) and 1 box. In 2009 and 2011, the infection rates of snails and snails were 0.027 5% and 0.0100% respectively in 2009 and 2011. The infective snails were not found in the rest of the year. The average infected snail area and average density of live snails were maintained at about 1 300 h and 0.68 / box. Conclusion In the endemic area of lakes and swan schistosomiasis, the fencing and seal measures can effectively control the spread of schistosomiasis infection sources. The infection rate of human and cattle is significantly reduced, and the persistence of control measures should be maintained.