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为研究人工鱼礁对产卵鱼类的诱集效果和庇护效应,2014—2015年对青岛崂山青山湾海域人工鱼礁区及附近海域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量分布进行了水平和垂直拖网调查.2014年春、夏、秋3个季节的7个航次调查中,共采集鱼卵7306粒、仔稚鱼52尾,隶属于4目9科11属12种;2015年同期进行的13个航次调查中,共采集鱼卵10373粒、仔稚鱼159尾,隶属于6目11科14属15种.2年间鱼卵和仔稚鱼样品均以鲈形目数量最多,鲽形目次之,其中鱼卵样品中仅有少鳞鱚和短吻红舌鳎构成优势种;仔稚鱼样品以少鳞鱚优势度最高,但不存在仔稚鱼优势种.鱼卵和稚鱼的高优势度物种的季节间演替明显.春、夏、秋季鱼类浮游生物群落Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值均较低,说明该海域鱼类浮游生物群落结构稳定性较低.2年间所采集物种对应的成鱼平均营养级分别为3.71和3.78,均属第三营养级中的低级肉食性鱼类,绝大多数为暖温种,无冷温性种类,表现出明显的暖温带特点.综合分析认为,人工鱼礁区鱼类浮游生物群落的多样性相对较高,这与鱼礁区流速和流场特征及复杂的空间异质性有关.
In order to study the effects of artificial reefs on spawning fishes and the asylum effect, the species composition and quantitative distribution of fish eggs and larvae in artificial reef areas and surrounding waters of Qingshan Bay, Laoshan, Qingdao were studied from 2014 to 2015 And vertical trawl survey. In the survey of 7 voyages in spring, summer and autumn in 2014, 7306 eggs and 52 larvae were collected, belonging to 4 orders, 9 families and 11 genera and 12 species. In the same period of 2015 In the investigation of 13 voyages, a total of 10 373 fish eggs and 159 juveniles were collected, belonging to 6 orders, 11 families and 14 genera and 15 species. The samples of fish eggs and larvae both showed the highest number of perciformes Among them, the only species of eggs and the red kite of red tongue were the predominant species, while the juvenile fish had the highest dominant species, but the dominant species of larvae did not exist. The dominance seasons of dominant species showed significant seasonal changes.The Margalef abundance index, Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index of the plankton community in spring, summer and autumn were all lower, which indicated that the structure of fish plankton community in this area was stable The average trophic level of the fish corresponding to the species collected in 2 years was 3. 71 and 3.78, respectively, belong to the third carnivorous low-level carnivorous fish, the vast majority of warm temperature species, no cold temperature species, showing a clear warm temperate characteristics.A comprehensive analysis shows that artificial reef fish floating The diversity of biomes is relatively high, which is related to the flow velocity and flow field characteristics and the complex spatial heterogeneity in the reef area.