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通过25年的长期定位试验研究不同的施肥方式对土壤有效磷与速效钾质量分数及水稻产量的影响。研究结果表明:有机肥配合施用氮、磷、钾肥能够大大提高土壤耕层有效磷的质量分数,施肥主要影响土壤耕层有效磷的质量分数,对其它土层影响不明显。有机肥配合施用氮、磷、钾肥能够提高土壤耕层速效钾的质量分数,对20~40 cm土层土壤速效钾质量分数也有提高作用。化肥配合有机肥施用稻谷的产量高于单施化肥或单施有机肥,单施化肥或单施有机肥稻谷的产量高于不施肥的对照。因此,为了提高土壤肥力与作物产量,最好的培肥方式是有机肥配施氮磷钾肥。
Through 25 years long-term experiment, the effects of different fertilization methods on soil available phosphorus, available potassium and rice yield were studied. The results showed that the combination of organic manure with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers could greatly improve the available phosphorous content of soil plow. Fertilization mainly affected the mass fraction of available phosphorus in soil plow, but had no obvious effect on other soil layers. The combination of organic manure and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can increase the content of available potassium in soil, and also increase the content of available potassium in 20-40 cm soil layer. Fertilizer with organic fertilizer application of rice yield higher than fertilizer alone or single application of organic fertilizer, single application of organic fertilizer or organic rice paddy yield higher than no fertilization control. Therefore, in order to improve soil fertility and crop yield, the best way to cultivate fertilizers is to use NPK with organic manure.