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为探究超晚播条件下不同品种冬小麦的物质积累和水分利用特征,采用3个不同穗型冬小麦品种(小穗型衡水4399;大穗型潍麦8号;中间型济麦22)在黑龙港地区进行了连续3年的大田试验。结果表明,超晚播配合增加播种量,春浇1水可以获得产量为6.43~8.24t/hm~2。在3个品种中,济麦22产量和水分利用效率最高。品种间产量的差异主要是粒重差异引起的。济麦22较高的千粒重和产量与其较高的开花期穗生物量分配、花后物质积累和收获指数密切相关。济麦22花前水分的穗干物质生产效率、花后水分的干物质生产效率和籽粒干物质生产效率均显著高于潍麦8号和衡水4399,从而获得了最高的水分利用效率。综合分析表明,穗型中等、花后物质积累和水分生产力高的品种更适合于超晚播节水栽培。
In order to explore the characteristics of material accumulation and water use of different varieties of winter wheat under super-late sowing conditions, three winter wheat cultivars with different panicle types (Panicle type Hengshui 4399, Panicle type Weimai 8 and intermediate type Jimai 22) The region conducted a three-year field trial. The results showed that the combination of super-late sowing and sowing increased the yield of 6.43 ~ 8.24t / hm ~ 2 by pouring spring water. Among the three cultivars, Jimai 22 had the highest yield and water use efficiency. Differences in yield between varieties is mainly caused by differences in grain weight. The higher 1000-grain weight and yield of Jimai 22 were closely related to its higher spikelet biomass allocation at flowering stage, post-anthesis material accumulation and harvest index. The dry matter production efficiency, the dry matter production efficiency after anthesis and the dry matter production efficiency of grain before flowering were significantly higher than those of Weimai 8 and Hengshui 4399, which resulted in the highest water use efficiency. Comprehensive analysis showed that medium-spike, post-flowering material accumulation and high water productivity varieties are more suitable for late sowing water culture.