目的:了解呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的临床特点及病原菌情况。方法:回顾性总结分析54例VAP患儿的临床资料。结果:痰培养分离出78株病原菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌占75.6%,革兰阳性球菌占7.7%,真菌占15.3%,耐药情况较严重。结论:VAP的病原菌构成以革兰阴性细菌为主且呈多重耐药现象,经验性抗菌治疗应依据当地的病原学流行情况,并根据药敏结果给予敏感抗生素治疗。 Objective: To understand the clinical features and pathogens of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods: The clinical data of 54 VAP children were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 78 strains of pathogens were isolated from sputum, among which Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 75.6%, Gram-positive cocci accounted for 7.7%, fungi accounted for 15.3%, and drug resistance was more serious. Conclusion: The pathogens of VAP are predominantly gram-negative bacteria and multi-drug resistant. The empirical antimicrobial therapy should be based on the prevalence of local etiology and be treated with sensitive antibiotics according to the susceptibility results.