马克思主义的诞生为世界历史之大事,也是中学历史教科书在书写时不可回避的内容。教科书对马克思主义的叙述,会受到时代背景的导向与制约;但教科书的叙述又在塑造着人们对马克思主义的认知,反过来影响到社会下一阶段的发展。因此,以民国时期中学世界史教科书为窗口,考察国人对马克思及其学说的认识,是非常有意义的。一、课程标准中有关马克思主义的内容民国期间先后实施壬子癸丑学制和壬戌学制。在这两个学制下,共颁行过14部中学历史课程标准 The birth of Marxism is a major event in the history of the world. It is also an unavoidable element in the writing of middle school history textbooks. The textbook’s description of Marxism will be guided and restricted by the background of the times; but the narrative of textbooks is also shaping people’s cognition of Marxism and in turn affecting the development of society in the next stage. Therefore, it is of great significance to use the textbooks of middle school world history during the period of the Republic of China as a window to examine the Chinese people’s understanding of Marx and his theory. I. Contents of Marxism in the Curriculum Standards During the period of the Republic of China, the school system and the school system were implemented. Under these two systems, a total of 14 secondary school history curriculum standards were issued