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目的探讨莱州市儿童哮喘患病的危险因素。方法采用成组设计的病例-对照研究,通过调查问卷收集105名哮喘患儿和100名非哮喘儿童的相关资料,进行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析结果显示,生产方式、父母年龄、父母职业、儿童用药过敏史、家族过敏史、1年内呼吸道感染次数、儿童被动吸烟、房屋装修、饲养宠物、种植花卉等21个因素可能与儿童哮喘发生有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,儿童有用药过敏史、有家族过敏史、1年内反复呼吸道感染、儿童被动吸烟、房屋装修过、家具材料为非实木、饲养宠物、种植花卉、经常吃零食和挑食可能是儿童哮喘发生的危险因素,OR(95%CI)分别为4.998(1.329~18.793),4.866(1.203~19.694),4.487(1.346~14.955),4.806(1.519~15.200),6.323(1.521~26.288),0.659(0.467~0.929),5.225(1.652~16.525),5.373(1.178~24.502),8.839(2.376~32.887),3.592(1.088~11.861)。结论预防呼吸道感染、减少过敏原的接触、避免被动吸烟、培养良好习惯等对预防儿童哮喘的发生有重要意义。
Objective To investigate the risk factors of childhood asthma in Laizhou. Methods A case-control study was conducted in a group design. Data from 105 asthmatic children and 100 non-asthmatic children were collected from the questionnaires and analyzed by univariate and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Results The results of univariate analysis showed that 21 factors such as mode of production, parents ’age, parents’ occupation, history of childhood drug allergy, history of family allergy, number of respiratory infections in one year, children’s passive smoking, house decoration, pet raising and flower planting may be associated with children Asthma incidence (P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that children had history of allergy to medicines, history of family allergy, repeated respiratory infections in one year, passive smoking in children, renovated houses, non-solid wood furniture, pet raising, flower growing, frequent snacking and picky eaters (95% CI) were 4.998 (1.329-18.993), 4.866 (1.203-19.694), 4.487 (1.346-14.955), 4.806 (1.519-15.200), 6.323 (1.521-26.288 ), 0.659 (0.467-0.929), 5.225 (1.652-16.525), 5.373 (1.178-24.502), 8.839 (2.376-32.887), and 3.592 (1.088-11.861). Conclusion Prevention of respiratory infections, allergen exposure reduction, passive smoking avoidance and good habits are important for the prevention of childhood asthma.