论文部分内容阅读
本文指出了脊灰炎免疫接种的目标是消灭脊灰炎,并最终消除人群中的致病原。扩大使用脊灰炎病毒活疫苗并不能消灭脊灰炎,因为疫苗有时会引起麻痹症,同时也不能消除脊灰炎病毒,因为疫苗可重新使人群带有活病毒。美国和其它国家使用脊灰炎病毒死疫苗的经验以及本文提供的对比资料,认为死疫苗是达到所述目标的实用方法。考虑到象免疫接种策略这样的问题是涉及到社会上许多部份的一种复杂过程,因此专家们的看法上往往会有很大差异。Fulginiti认为:只要对免疫接种方法及其相应的疾病之间进行认真细致地权衡比较,就能得出一种正确合理的策略和做法。本篇及前面两篇文章已就继续讨论有关脊灰炎免疫接种的利弊问题提供了资料。如果世界其它地区能完全控制脊灰炎,那么总有一天美国将无需再进行免疫接种。世界卫生组织消灭天花运动的巨大成功,正鼓舞着人们努力去达到这个目标。
This article points out that the goal of immunization with polio is to eliminate polio and eventually eliminate the causative agent in the population. The increased use of live poliovirus vaccine does not eradicate polio as the vaccine sometimes causes paralysis and does not eradicate the poliovirus as the vaccine reintroduces the live virus to the population. The experience of the United States and other countries in using the poliovirus dead vaccine and the comparative data presented in this article suggest that a dead vaccine is a pragmatic approach to that goal. Given that such issues as immunization strategies are a complex process that involves many parts of society, the opinions of experts are often quite different. Fulginiti argues that a just and careful trade-off between immunization methods and their corresponding diseases leads to a correct and rational strategy and practice. This and the previous two articles provide information on continuing discussions on the pros and cons of immunization against polio. If the rest of the world has full control of polio, then the United States will no longer need to be immunized one day. The great success of WHO in eliminating smallpox is inspiring people to achieve this goal.