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石油作为世界上的主要能源之一,有相当一部分是用船舶运输的。船舶的运油活动带来了船舶排油或溢油造成海洋污染的问题。为了解决此问题,国际海事组织通过了一系列的公约。这些公约可分为两大类。第一类,目的是防止或减少船舶排污和油污事件的发生。如1969年国际干预公海油污事件公约、1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约及1978年议定书。第二类,目的是赔偿油污事件所引起的清污费用和油污损害。如1969年国际油污损害民事责任公约(简称69年责任公约)。但是,69年责任公约并不能在所有情况
As one of the world’s major energy sources, a considerable portion of the oil is transported by ship. The shipping activities of the ship have brought the problem of marine pollution caused by oil discharge or oil spill from ships. In order to solve this problem, IMO has adopted a series of conventions. These conventions fall into two broad categories. The first category aims to prevent or reduce the occurrence of sewage and oil pollution incidents on ships. Such as the 1969 Convention on International Interference in the Offshore Oil Pollution, the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and the Protocol of 1978. The second category aims to compensate for the cost of cleaning up and oil pollution caused by oil pollution incidents. Such as the 1969 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (hereinafter referred to as the “69 Years Liability Convention”). However, the 69-year convention of responsibility does not work in all circumstances