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国有企业改革是一个世界性的难题,对中国来说尤其如此。在改革初期,我们面对的国有和集体企业超过200万户,职工人数达到1.1亿人。这些国有和集体企业都是按计划经济的要求和模式建立的,是计划经济的组成部分,其体制机制、结构布局、社会定位、职工观念都带有计划经济的属性,与市场经济、市场竞争完全没有关系。把这样一个庞大的经济体系从计划经济的轨道转到市场经济的轨道,是中国国有企业改革的任务。
The reform of state-owned enterprises is a worldwide problem, especially for China. In the early years of the reform, we had over 2 million state-owned and collective enterprises and 110 million workers. These state-owned and collective enterprises are all built according to the requirements and models of planned economy and are part of a planned economy. Their institutional mechanisms, structure and layout, social orientation, and staff values all bear the attributes of a planned economy, which are in line with the market economy and market competition Totally unrelated. It is the task of China’s state-owned enterprises to shift such a huge economy from the planned economy to the market economy.