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如果说,经济、社会的变革总是决定着社会科学的前途、命运,而社会科学的兴盛、变迁又总是反映着经济、社会的变革状况的话;那么,社会学学科的历史表现了这一点。19世纪末20世纪初,发端于欧美的社会学传入了中国,并在中国逐渐开花结果。出现了孙本文、李景汉、费孝通、雷洁琼等一批具有世界影响的社会学学者,出版了《定县社会概况调查》、《江村经济》、《乡土中国》等等一批极具学术价值的科研成果,培养了一批社会学的专门人才。不过,总的来说,解放前的社会学研究并未自觉地接受马克思主义的指导,也未走出社会学学者的“书斋”。或许正因为如此,新中国成立初期,在高等院校调整过程中,取消了这个学科,并一度认为它是资产阶级的伪科学。
If the economic and social changes always determine the future and destiny of the social sciences, and the prosperity and changes of the social sciences always reflect the economic and social changes, then the history of the sociology shows this . From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, sociology originated in Europe and the United States was introduced to China and gradually came to fruition in China. There appeared a group of sociologists such as Sun Benwen, Li Jinghan, Fei Xiaotong and Lei Jieqiong who had world influence. They published a batch of surveys on the social situation of Dingxian County, the “economy in the Jiangcun”, the “native China” Scientific value of scientific research, cultivate a group of sociology of specialized personnel. However, in general, the pre-liberation sociology studies did not consciously accept the guidance of Marxism and did not get out of the “study of vegetarians” by sociological scholars. Perhaps because of this, during the initial period of the founding of New China, the discipline was canceled during the process of the adjustment of higher education institutions, and once it was regarded as a pseudo-science of the bourgeoisie.