基于对资本的客观知识和企业家的主观知识的讨论,文章阐述了生产结构演进问题的微观理论基础,把生产结构演进的主要问题概括为演进的形式和演进的动力两个方面。庞巴维克和哈耶克代表了一种以“纵向延伸”和“相对价格”变动为演进形式和动力的理论,而在修正后的微观理论基础上,提出了“网络复杂性”和“企业家预期”为演进形式和动力的观点。依据对产业结构演进的分析,文章最后指出,促进产业升级的关键是资本积累,而不是技术进步。 Based on the discussion of the objective knowledge of capital and the subjective knowledge of entrepreneurs, the article expounds the micro-theoretical basis of the evolution of production structure and generalizes the main problems of the evolution of production structure as two forms of evolution and motivation. Bombardier and Hayek represent a theory of “the extension of ” and “relative price ” as the evolution form and motivation, and on the basis of the revised micro-theory, put forward the “network Complexity ”and“ what entrepreneurs expect ”to be evolutionary and motivated. Based on the analysis of the evolution of the industrial structure, the article concludes that the key to promoting industrial upgrading is capital accumulation rather than technological progress.