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对一个国家来说,噪声导致的失聪是一种巨大的社会和经济损失,是以前未曾遇到过的医疗卫生问题,现在这个问题有了一种解决办法。美国农业部(FDA)近年来没有批准任何预防噪声导致失聪的新产品。在美国,这类产品(包括耳塞和耳罩)的市场价值大约为2.43亿美元,其中约75%来自耳塞的销售。对听力的物理防护可以降低声压水平,但若噪声过强,这种物理防护并不能完全保证听力不受损害。而且,这类“屏蔽”方法也会损害需要通过听、说进行交流来保证的个人安全性。近十年来我们对应激、病理和年龄因素在决定细胞生存和死亡的分子和生化机制方面有了明显深入的了解和认识。我们可以确定导致细胞死亡的凋亡或坏死途径,以及对这些途径起调节作用的外部环境或内源性遗传启动因子、基因及转导因子。用这些新知识,我们开始设计新的干预方法来减轻或防止细胞死亡,使我们第一次能够预防或治疗以前不能预防或治疗的疾患,失聪即是其中一种。
For a country, noise-induced deafness is a huge social and economic loss that has never been met before, and now there is a solution to this problem. In recent years, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (FDA) has not approved any new product to prevent noise from causing deafness. In the United States, the market value of such products, including earplugs and earmuffs, is about $ 243 million, with about 75% of sales coming from earplugs. Physical protection of the hearing can reduce the sound pressure level, but if the noise is too strong, this physical protection does not fully guarantee the hearing is not compromised. Moreover, such “shielded” methods can also compromise personal security that needs to be assured through communication and listening. In the past decade, we have had a clear understanding and understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms that determine the survival and death of cells against stress, pathology and age. We can identify apoptotic or necrotic pathways that lead to cell death, as well as the external environment or endogenous genetic promoters, genes and transduction factors that play a regulatory role in these pathways. With these new knowledge, we begin to devise new interventions to reduce or prevent cell death, enabling us to prevent or treat previously untreatable or untreatable conditions for the first time, and deafness is one of them.