施肥结构对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响

来源 :中国生态农业学报 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:paulhujq
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冷浸田因长期受冷泉水浸渍,土体封闭,难以通气与氧化,土壤溶液Eh下降,有效养分低,水稻产量低。本研究通过田间小区试验和动态取样与室内测定,探求了单质化肥、稳定性肥、复合肥配施生鸡粪和熟鸡粪等施肥方式对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响。结果表明:与单质化肥处理比较,复合肥与熟鸡粪配施处理土壤松结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例提高10.8%,紧结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例降低15.5%,土壤有机质和活性有机质含量分别提高8.9%和4.0%,土壤阳离子交换量提高10.2%,早稻土壤细菌数和微生物活性分别提高390.0%和13.0%;同时土壤磷酸铝盐和磷酸钙盐含量分别提高40.0%和28.0%,且磷酸铝盐和磷酸钙盐占无机磷总量的比例提高,闭蓄态磷占无机磷总量的比例降低,促使土壤中难溶性磷向易溶性磷转化,提高土壤有效磷含量;最终早稻磷、钾吸收量分别提高14.0%和127.0%,早、晚稻产量分别增加11.0%和8.0%。由此得出,有机无机平衡施肥是适合于冷浸田土壤培肥、水稻增产的施肥方式。 Cold soaked field due to long-term cold spring water immersion, soil closed, difficult to aeration and oxidation, soil solution Eh decreased, low effective nutrients, low yield of rice. In this study, field trials and dynamic sampling and indoor measurements were conducted to investigate the effects of single fertilizers, stabilized fertilizers, mixed fertilizer application of raw chicken manure and cooked chicken manure on soil fertility and rice growth in the field. The results showed that compared with the simple chemical fertilizer treatment, the proportion of loosely-proportioned humus to the combined humus increased by 10.8% and the proportion of tight-junction humus to the combined humus decreased by 15.5%, and the contents of soil organic matter and active organic matter The contents of soil phosphate and ammonium phosphate increased by 8.9% and 4.0%, respectively, and the cation exchange capacity of soil increased by 10.2% and 390.0% and 13.0% respectively. The contents of aluminum phosphate and calcium phosphate in soil increased by 40.0% and 28.0% And the proportion of aluminum phosphate and calcium phosphate in total inorganic phosphorus increased, the proportion of closed-state phosphorus in total inorganic phosphorus decreased, which promoted the transformation of insoluble phosphorus in soil to soluble phosphorus and the content of available phosphorus in soil. Finally, the early rice The phosphorus and potassium uptake increased by 14.0% and 127.0% respectively, and the yield of early and late rice increased by 11.0% and 8.0% respectively. It is concluded that the organic-inorganic balanced fertilization is suitable for fertilizing the soil in paddy field and increasing the yield of rice.
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