一、欧洲大陆本文探讨的中心问题是从比较的角度来分析18世纪英国和欧洲大陆的社会政治体制。欧洲“旧秩序”或“旧制度”的概念能否同等地应用于英伦三岛和欧洲大陆?在社会发展、经济和政治体制方面,简而言之,从“现代化”角度来看,有没有什么特征能将英国与欧洲其他部分区分开来?为了阐述这个问题,有必要先对“旧秩序”或“旧制度”进行界 First, the central issue of continental Europe discussed in this article is from a comparative point of view of 18th century British and continental European socio-political system. Can the concepts of Europe “old order ” or “old system ” be equally applied to the British Isles and the European continent? In terms of social development, economy and political system, in short, from the “modernization” From the point of view, is there any characteristic that distinguishes the United Kingdom from the rest of Europe? In order to elaborate on this issue, it is necessary to first enact the “old order” or “old system”