语用学这门学科研究特定情境中的特定话语,它尤其注重研究语言得以运用之许多社会语境可能影响解释的各个方面。语用学超越了诸如超切分音位(suprasegmental phonemes)、方言和语域(registers)等对解释的影响(这三个方面也都影响到解释),并把言语行为首先看作是受各种社会规约支配的社会行为。任何人,只要他不是隐士,天天都在与他人接触的环境中生活,学会人们通常借助于设法避免彼此曲解的、明言的和含蓄的代码,并且或多或少以和善的性情和熟练的技巧,对那些代码的交变活动作出反应。我们沿公路右边驾车而行,并期望其他的司机也这样做。当我们 The discipline of pragmatics studies a particular discourse in a particular context and pays particular attention to the study of the many social contexts in which language can be applied that may affect all aspects of interpretation. Pragmatics transcends the impact of interpretations such as suprasegmental phonemes, dialects, and registers (all of which also affect interpretation), and interprets speech acts first of all Social rules governing the social behavior. No one, as long as he is not a hermit, lives in an environment where he is in contact with others everyday, learners often resort to plain and implicit code that tries to avoid misinterpretation with one another, and more or less with friendly temperament and skill , To respond to the alternating activities of those codes. We drive along the right side of the road and expect other drivers to do the same. when we