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目的了解北京市中学生家长对子女营养状况的认知现状及其与学生营养状况的关联,为有效预防儿童青少年肥胖提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽取北京8所初中、8所高中学生共2 308名进行体格测量(身高、体重),根据中国肥胖问题工作组2004年制订的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数分类标准”及“中国6~19岁学龄儿童青少年分年龄BMI筛查消瘦界值”进行营养状况评价,并通过问卷调查了解家长对儿童营养状况的认知情况。结果家长对子女主观营养评价与BMI评价结果总符合率为57.8%,33.4%的家长出现低估偏倚,8.8%的家长出现高估偏倚,一致程度不够理想(Kappa=0.32,u=26.80,P<0.01)。认知正确组家长了解孩子偏食挑食的比例、鼓励孩子闲暇时间进行体育运动的比例、了解孩子身高体重变化情况的比例、选择最科学减肥途径的比例均高于认知错误组家长(χ2值分别为6.06,13.02,11.94,6.15,P值均<0.05)。结论家长对子女的营养状况存在认知偏差,应进一步加强宣传教育,使家长能够正确评估儿童的营养状况,并在日常生活中培养孩子健康的生活行为。
Objective To understand the status quo of parents’ cognition of children’s nutrition in Beijing and their association with the nutritional status of their children so as to provide a scientific basis for effectively preventing the obesity of children and adolescents. Methods A total of 2 308 middle school students from 8 junior high schools and 8 high school students in Beijing were enrolled in the study. The body weight (height and weight) of 8 middle school students in Beijing were determined by stratified random cluster analysis. According to the Chinese Association of Obese Workers’ Check the classification index of body mass index “and ” Chinese children aged 6-19 years old age-graded BMI screening wasting threshold "nutritional status assessment, and through questionnaires to understand the parents of children’s nutritional status awareness. Results The total coincidence rate of parents’ subjective nutritional assessment and BMI evaluation was 57.8%, 33.4% of parents were underestimated, 8.8% of parents showed overbalance, the degree of agreement was not ideal (Kappa = 0.32, u = 26.80, P < 0.01). The percentage of parents who know the correct diet of children eating partial eclipse picky eaters, encouraging their children to spend time in sports, understanding the changes of children’s height and weight, and choosing the most scientific way of losing weight are higher than those of parents of cognitive errors 6.06,13.02,11.94,6.15, P <0.05). Conclusion Parents have cognitive bias on the nutritional status of their children. Publicity and education should be further strengthened so that parents can correctly assess the nutritional status of children and develop their healthy life behavior in daily life.