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目的研究凝血酶对水孔蛋白-4(aqaporin-4,AQP4)表达的影响及引起脑出血后脑水肿形成的机制。方法在立体定向仪下向大鼠右侧尾壳核注射15 U凝血酶,在不同时间段对注射部位邻近脑组织AQP4蛋白进行免疫组化检测。结果注射凝血酶6 h后尾壳核AQP4蛋白表达开始增高,在第1 d达高峰,并维持到第3 d,以后逐渐下降到正常水平。结论凝血酶能促进脑微血管周围的AQP4蛋白表达的增加,加速水分的跨膜流动,引起星形胶质细胞水肿和血脑屏障的破坏,导致脑出血早期阶段脑水肿的发生。
Objective To study the effect of thrombin on the expression of aqaporin-4 (AQP4) and the mechanism of cerebral edema after cerebral hemorrhage. Methods 15 U thrombin was injected into the right caudal putamen of rats under stereotaxic apparatus. The AQP4 protein in adjacent brain tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry at different time points. Results After injection of thrombin for 6 h, the expression of AQP4 protein in the caudate putamen began to increase, reached the peak on the first day and remained on the third day, then gradually decreased to the normal level. Conclusion Thrombin can promote the increase of AQP4 protein expression around the cerebral microvessels, accelerate the transmembrane flow of water, cause the astrocyte edema and the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, resulting in the occurrence of cerebral edema in the early stage of cerebral hemorrhage.