随着纤维内窥镜的发展,对泌尿系结石的治疗,也取代了外科的手术疗法如肾盂石切除术或肾石切除术,使住院日期由三周缩短为一周,同时也缩短了术后的恢复期。经皮作的肾造瘘道以1/4～1/2时的切口代替了过去肾结石手术6～8时长的大切口,并且可能通过内窥镜利用套石篮、取石镊、化学分解、或通过超声碎石排除结石。虽然有些医院作经皮超声碎石术分两个步骤,但第二步则需在手术室进行,但这些操作也可以在放射科完成。局麻后病人采用俯卧位,放射科医生自腋后线第十二肋下插入8~#French 肾造瘘管。这根管子连接上重力引流装置,这管子可能引流出小便或不引流出小便。接着给病人作全身或硬膜外麻醉后,泌尿科医生 With the development of fiber endoscopy, the treatment of urinary stones, but also replaced the surgical treatment such as pelvis or nephrolithotomy, the hospital date from three weeks to a week, but also shortened the postoperative Recovery period. Percutaneous renal nephrostomy with 1/4 ~ 1/2 incision instead of the past renal stone surgery 6 to 8-year-long large incision, and may be used by endoscopy stone kit basket, stone tweezers, chemical decomposition, Or by ultrasound lithotripsy stones. Although some hospitals make transcutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy in two steps, the second step is performed in the operating room, but these operations can also be performed in the radiology department. Local anesthesia patients prone position, the radiologist from the axillary line under the twelfth rib insertion 8 ~ # French renal fistula. This tube is connected to a gravity drainage device that may or may not drain urine out of the urine. Then to the patient for general or epidural anesthesia, the urologist