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以国内外不同地理来源的228份木薯资源为材料,通过评价植株15个茎和块根的描述型表型性状及7个与产量相关的数量性状,初步了解其表型遗传多样性,为种质资源创新利用、针对性地引种和育种亲本选配提供理论参考。结果表明,国内外不同地理来源木薯资源描述型性状频率分布较一致,多以张开型、三分叉、30°~45°分枝角度、主茎内皮浅绿色居多,块根性状以表皮粗糙、外皮淡褐色、内皮乳黄色、肉质白色资源居多;数量性状多样性指数为1.895~2.073,描述型性状多样性指数为0.435~1.889,表明228份木薯资源遗传多样性丰富,且数量性状存在较大程度变异(8.91%~44.60%),国内资源块根直径极显著高于国外资源,国外资源干物率极显著高于国内资源,说明国内外资源的块根直径和干物率具有明显的遗传差异,利用现有资源可能选育出产量高、品质好的品种。两步聚类分析将参试资源明显划分为两大类群,类群Ⅰ主要特征为株型张开、分枝角度中等偏大,群体不整齐,主茎较粗,薯块产量较高资源;类群Ⅱ为株型紧凑直立型、分枝角度小,群体整齐,主茎较细,薯块干物率较高资源。在今后的育种工作中,可选择同类资源中表型差异互补的种质为亲本,聚合优良性状,以达到育种期望目标。
Based on 228 cassava resources from different geographical sources at home and abroad, the phenotypic genetic diversity of 15 stems and tubers and their quantitative traits related to yield were evaluated. Resource innovation and utilization, targeted introduction and selection of breeding parents to provide a theoretical reference. The results showed that the frequency distribution of descriptive traits of cassava resources from different geographical sources was more consistent. Most of them were open type, bifurcation, branching angle from 30 ° to 45 °, light green color of main stem, The number of white traits was 1.895 ~ 2.073, and that of descriptive traits was 0.435 ~ 1.889, which indicated that there were abundant genetic diversity in 228 cassava resources, and the quantitative traits were larger (8.91% -44.60%). The root diameter of domestic resources was significantly higher than that of foreign resources. The dry matter rate of foreign resources was significantly higher than that of domestic resources, indicating that the root diameter and dry matter rate of domestic and foreign resources had obvious genetic differences. There are resources that may breed high yield, good quality varieties. The two-step clustering analysis apparently divided the resources of the test into two major groups. The main characteristics of the group I were that the plant type was open, the branch angle was moderately large, the groups were not regular, the stems were thick, and the yield of potato tubers was high. Ⅱ is compact and upright plant type with small branch angle, neat group, thin stem and high dry matter rate of potato. In the future breeding work, we can choose the same type of resources in the phenotypic differences between the complementary germplasm parents, excellent traits polymerization in order to achieve the desired goal of breeding.