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近年来,由于流行性出血热病原学和免疫学研究取得重大进展,作一介绍。一、免疫治疗的理论基础:随着现代免疫学的进展,人们业已证实流行性出血热病程早期即有特异性抗体出现,并迅速形成免疫复合物,表现为血循环免疫复合物和组织沉积的免疫复合物。在肾小管间质细胞内及沿肾小球基底膜上的免疫复合物经荧光检测证实由IgM、IgG和C_3等成分所组成,具有免疫特异性,在皮肤血管壁上亦有类似的发现。另一些研究又表明特异性免疫复合物通过经典途径激活补体系统,释放多种因子,导致一系列病理损害。免疫复合物又可与红细胞、血小板结合,并广泛地沉积在全身小血管细胞内膜和肾小管基底膜上导致血液流变学的改变,因而表现出类似Ⅲ型变态反应所致的损害。新近的研究还表明可能有Ⅰ型变态反应伴随。主要的证据有:
In recent years, due to the epidemiological and immunological studies of epidemic hemorrhagic fever made significant progress, make an introduction. First, the theoretical basis of immunotherapy: With the progress of modern immunology, people have confirmed the early stages of epidemics of hemorrhagic fever that there are specific antibodies and the rapid formation of immune complexes, manifested as immune complexes of blood circulation and tissue deposition of immunity Complex. Immune complexes in the tubulointerstitial cells and along the glomerular basement membrane were confirmed to be immunospecific by fluorescent detection of components such as IgM, IgG and C_3, and similar findings were found on the skin vascular wall. Other studies show that specific immune complexes activate the complement system through the classical pathway, releasing multiple factors, resulting in a range of pathological lesions. Immune complexes, in turn, bind to erythrocytes and platelets and deposit extensively on systemic small-vessel cells and tubular basement membranes, resulting in hemorheological changes that result in damage similar to type III allergies. Recent studies have also shown that there may be type Ⅰ allergic reaction. The main evidence is: