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语言中常出现以动态描述静态场景的表达。Talmy在“重叠系统”认知模型下,提出了虚拟运动的四个变量:在虚拟运动中是否有真实运动的存在;虚拟运动的物体本身是真实的还是虚拟的;虚拟运动效果是否与观察者视角有关;虚拟运动的对象是物体还是对物体的观察。通过对第六版现代汉语词典和CCL语料库中例词和例句的检索和分类,汉语虚拟运动表达可分为放射型虚拟运动、相对框架型虚拟运动、出现路径型虚拟运动、延伸型虚拟运动和模式型虚拟运动五个类型。这五类表达是“现实”与“虚拟”相互区别又相互重叠的表现。
Languages often appear to describe the expression of static scenes dynamically. Talmy proposed four variables of virtual motion: whether there is real motion in the virtual motion, whether the virtual motion object is real or virtual, and whether the virtual motion effect is Observer perspective; the object of virtual motion is the object or object observation. Through the retrieval and classification of the examples and examples in the Sixth Edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary and the CCL corpus, the Chinese virtual motion expression can be divided into radial virtual motion, relative frame virtual motion, path virtual motion, extended virtual motion and Five types of pattern-type virtual movement. These five kinds of expressions are the manifestations that the “reality” and the “virtual” are mutually different and overlap each other.