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水稻生产正向资源节约和环境友好的方向转型,常规高产稻作技术亟待创新.本研究以粳稻辽星1号为试材,在2012、2013年研究密度增加、基蘖肥减少、穗肥稳定的“增密减氮”栽培模式对东北水稻产量和氮肥利用效率及温室效应的影响.结果表明:与常规高产栽培模式相比,在基本苗增加33.3%和基蘖肥施氮量减少20.0%的条件下,氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力两年平均分别提高49.6%(P<0.05)和20.4%(P<0.05),单位面积和单位产量的温室效应两年平均分别下降9.9%和12.7%(P<0.05).虽然水稻有效穗数和总生物量下降,但结实率和收获指数提高,所以产量基本稳定甚至提高.增密减氮降低了土壤NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N浓度,提高了氮素回收效率.表明适度增密减氮可兼顾水稻高产、氮肥高效利用和温室气体减排.
Rice production is transforming towards resource-saving and environment-friendly, and conventional high-yielding rice technology is in urgent need of innovation.In this study, Japonica rice Liaoxing 1 was used as test material, and the research density increased in 2012 and 2013, the base tillering fertilizer decreased, The results showed that compared with conventional high yielding cultivation, the increase of 33.3% of basic seedlings and the decrease of nitrogen application rate of basic tillering fertilizers Under the 20.0% condition, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and partial biocatalytic activity of nitrogen fertilizers increased by 49.6% (P <0.05) and 20.4% (P <0.05) respectively over the two years, and the greenhouse effect per unit area and unit yield decreased by 9.9% 12.7% (P <0.05) .While the effective panicles and total biomass of rice decreased, but the seed setting rate and harvest index increased, so the yield basically stabilized or even increased.The increase of nitrogen and nitrogen concentration decreased the contents of NH_4 ~ + -N and NO_3 ~ -N concentration increased nitrogen recovery efficiency, indicating that moderate densification and nitrogen reduction can take into account the high yield of rice, efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer and greenhouse gas emissions.